Ethical Commitment. Jurnal Hukum to-ra: Hukum untuk Mengatur dan Melindungi Masyarakat, published by the Faculty of Law, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, is committed to originality, research integrity, editorial independence, transparency and responsible scholarly communication. The journal's ethical framework is informed by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Core Practices. Authors, reviewers, editors and the publisher share responsibility for protecting the scholarly record.

Ethics Framework: The following ten areas reflect the principal matters addressed by the COPE Core Practices. References to COPE guidance do not imply that the journal is a COPE member.

The journal addresses credible allegations of plagiarism, fabricated or falsified findings, invented legal documents, duplicate publication, deceptive citation practices, peer-review manipulation and other serious integrity concerns. Reports are evaluated using available evidence, and affected parties are given an appropriate opportunity to respond. Formal researcher-misconduct investigations may require cooperation with the relevant institution. An allegation alone does not establish misconduct.

Authorship must reflect substantial intellectual contribution, meaningful involvement in manuscript preparation or critical revision, approval of the final manuscript and accountability for the work. Guest, ghost, purchased and coercive authorship are unacceptable. Non-author contributors should be acknowledged appropriately. Changes in authorship require a reasoned explanation and agreement from affected contributors.

Authors, reviewers, readers and other stakeholders may submit evidence-based complaints concerning journal procedures, editorial conduct, peer review or publication ethics. Authors may appeal decisions where a material procedural error, significant misunderstanding or relevant conflict of interest is identified. Complaints and appeals are assessed fairly, and cases involving conflicted editors should receive independent handling.

Authors, reviewers and editors must disclose relevant financial, professional, institutional, personal or other interests capable of influencing independent judgment. Authors must identify research funding and relevant funder involvement. Reviewers or editors with material conflicts must decline or transfer the assignment when necessary. Disclosure permits informed evaluation and does not automatically establish wrongdoing.

Authors must accurately identify the evidence underpinning their legal arguments, including legislation, court decisions, official documents, relevant scholarship and empirical research materials. Research methods and sources must be described sufficiently for scholarly assessment. Responsible data sharing is encouraged where appropriate; participant privacy, professional secrecy, restricted court records and lawful confidentiality obligations must be protected.

Research involving human participants, interviews, surveys, vulnerable groups or sensitive information must observe applicable legal and ethical requirements. Informed consent, privacy protection and institutional ethics approval must be obtained where required. Authors should report relevant approval or consent information and explain applicable exemptions when requested. Public legal documents must also be used lawfully and accurately.

Authors must respect copyright, attribution, licensing and permissions for third-party content. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication under applicable publication arrangements. Published articles use the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Unpublished manuscripts and reviewer reports must not be used or disclosed without proper authorization.

The publisher supports lawful journal management, publication infrastructure, transparent fee information, record preservation and effective editorial operations. Editors retain responsibility for scholarly selection and publication decisions. Acceptance must be based on editorial assessment rather than author identity, financial payment, institutional pressure or inappropriate publisher influence. Journal policies should accurately describe the procedures actually implemented.

The journal applies double-blind peer review, with manuscripts passing initial screening assessed by at least two independent reviewers with relevant expertise. Reviewers must evaluate originality, legal reasoning, methodology, research evidence and contribution fairly and confidentially. Editors determine acceptance, revision, further review or rejection. Review recommendations do not replace editorial judgment, and revision does not guarantee acceptance.

The journal welcomes professional, evidence-based discussion and scholarly criticism after publication. Authors may be invited to respond. Verified errors may require corrections; serious unresolved concerns may require an Expression of Concern; materially unreliable publications may require retraction. Formal notices must clearly identify the affected article, explain the editorial action and preserve a traceable scholarly record.

Meaningful use of generative AI must be disclosed in accordance with the journal's AI Policy. AI tools cannot be authors and must not replace original human legal analysis or scholarly judgment. Authors must verify AI-assisted citations, court decisions, legislation, factual statements and other sources. Editors and reviewers must protect confidential manuscript information and must not delegate substantive evaluation or final decisions to AI systems.

Publication-ethics concerns should be reported to the Editorial Office, identifying the manuscript or article, the relevant issue and supporting evidence. Reports will be assessed proportionately and with appropriate confidentiality. Authors and other affected parties should be given an opportunity to respond before serious adverse findings are finalized.

Reference Framework Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) • CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Final Commitment: Submission to Jurnal Hukum to-ra constitutes an obligation to comply with the journal's publication ethics, authorship, peer-review, originality, AI, copyright and applicable editorial policies. The journal evaluates concerns according to evidence, procedural fairness and the integrity of the scholarly record.

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