Article Types
Jurnal Hukum to-ra: Hukum Untuk Mengatur dan Melindungi Masyarakat welcomes original and analytically rigorous legal scholarship addressing legal norms, institutions, justice, governance, rights protection, and contemporary developments in law.
The journal considers five scholarly manuscript categories: Original Research Article, Conceptual Paper, Review Article, Case Analysis, and Policy-Oriented Legal Study.
Each submission must identify a relevant legal problem, apply an appropriate analytical approach, engage with authoritative legal sources and scholarship, and provide a defensible contribution to legal knowledge or practice.
Regardless of manuscript type, submissions should demonstrate:
- Clear identification of the legal issue.
- Relevant legal and societal context.
- Adequate review of previous scholarship.
- Explicit research gap or analytical justification.
- Clear research objective or legal question.
- Appropriate research method or analytical approach.
- Reasoned analysis supported by authoritative sources.
- Clear conclusions and scholarly implications.
An Original Research Article reports original findings derived from a systematic investigation of a legal problem. It may employ normative legal research, empirical legal research, socio-legal methods, comparative legal analysis, or an appropriate combination of approaches.
Required characteristics:
- A clearly defined legal problem and its academic or practical significance.
- Relevant legislation, judicial decisions, legal doctrines, or empirical contexts.
- An adequate discussion of previous research and the identified research gap.
- Explicit objectives, questions, and originality of the inquiry.
- A clear explanation of normative, empirical, comparative, socio-legal, or other methods.
- Identification of primary and secondary legal sources or empirical data, as applicable.
- Systematic legal analysis supported by relevant evidence and sound reasoning.
- Critical engagement with legal theory, authoritative sources, and prior research.
- Findings that directly address the legal problem.
- Conclusions explaining the scholarly, regulatory, judicial, or societal implications.
A Conceptual Paper develops original legal reasoning, theoretical arguments, legal concepts, or analytical frameworks. It may examine legal principles, normative inconsistencies, constitutional interpretation, doctrinal controversies, legal pluralism, or emerging legal concepts.
A conceptual paper should:
- Identify a significant doctrinal, conceptual, or theoretical legal problem.
- Explain the limitation of existing legal reasoning or scholarly frameworks.
- Present a clear central thesis or legal argument.
- Engage critically with legal theories, doctrines, principles, and scholarly sources.
- Explain the analytical approach used to develop the argument.
- Develop a consistent and logically supported interpretation or conceptual contribution.
- Describe the implications for legal science, legislation, judicial interpretation, or legal practice.
A Review Article provides a critical and systematic or clearly structured synthesis of scholarly literature concerning a defined legal issue, doctrine, policy, or development in legal research.
Required elements:
- A clearly identified legal review question or objective.
- Explanation of the literature identification and selection approach.
- A relevant body of legal scholarship, including foundational and recent sources where appropriate.
- Critical comparison of legal theories, research findings, methods, and doctrinal interpretations.
- Identification of inconsistencies, gaps, limitations, and emerging issues.
- A substantive synthesis that advances understanding beyond the individual sources reviewed.
- Conclusions presenting a theoretical contribution, conceptual framework, research agenda, or implications for legal development.
A Case Analysis examines a judicial decision, legal dispute, administrative decision, regulatory enforcement action, or legally significant event through an appropriate doctrinal, comparative, empirical, or socio-legal framework.
Core requirements:
- Clear identification of the case or legal event and its significance.
- An explicit legal question or analytical objective.
- Justification for selecting the particular case.
- Accurate presentation of relevant facts, proceedings, and legal issues.
- Appropriate analysis of governing legislation, legal doctrines, precedents, or relevant principles.
- Critical evaluation of judicial reasoning, institutional decisions, or legal consequences.
- Comparison with relevant legal scholarship or other decisions where appropriate.
- A defensible scholarly conclusion explaining broader legal implications.
A Policy-Oriented Legal Study evaluates legal regulations, legislative reforms, governance policies, administrative practices, or the effectiveness of legal institutions in addressing societal needs and protecting rights.
A policy-oriented study should include:
- A clearly defined regulatory or public-policy problem with a substantive legal dimension.
- Identification of the legal and institutional framework being examined.
- Appropriate doctrinal, comparative, empirical, socio-legal, or policy-evaluation methods.
- Analysis of regulatory coherence, implementation, institutional accountability, or legal effectiveness.
- Consideration of legal certainty, justice, rights protection, and relevant societal consequences.
- Supporting evidence drawn from legislation, official reports, legal cases, relevant scholarship, or appropriate empirical findings.
- Feasible and well-reasoned conclusions or recommendations for policy or legal development.
Authors may use research approaches appropriate to their questions and type of legal evidence.
| Manuscript Type | Main Scholarly Contribution | Expected Evidence / Analysis |
|---|---|---|
| Original Research Article | Original legal findings | Systematic legal research and evidence-based analysis |
| Conceptual Paper | New or refined legal argument | Critical doctrinal, theoretical, and conceptual reasoning |
| Review Article | Critical synthesis of legal scholarship | Structured literature review and analytical integration |
| Case Analysis | Analysis of a significant legal case | Judicial reasoning, legal sources, and case implications |
| Policy-Oriented Legal Study | Evaluation or development of legal policy | Regulatory analysis, implementation evidence, and policy implications |
All listed categories are considered according to the journal's scope, scholarly contribution, methodological suitability, and editorial evaluation.
Authors must follow the official Jurnal Hukum to-ra manuscript template and current Author Guidelines.
- Title: Informative and concise, preferably no more than 14 words.
- Abstract: Preferably no more than 200 words, explaining the legal issue, objectives, methods, main findings, and contribution.
- Keywords: Three to five relevant keywords separated by semicolons.
- Introduction: Background, legal problem, previous research, gap or novelty, questions, and objectives.
- Research Method: A clear description of the legal research approach and sources, either as a separate section or according to the journal template.
- Discussion: Substantive and systematic legal reasoning supported by relevant authorities and research.
- Conclusion: Direct response to the stated legal questions and objectives.
- References: Accurate and complete references following the journal's APA citation requirements.
The following submissions may be rejected during editorial screening:
- Articles outside the journal's Focus and Scope.
- Manuscripts without a clearly identifiable legal question or problem.
- Descriptions of legislation without substantive legal interpretation or analysis.
- Case summaries lacking critical evaluation of judicial reasoning.
- Literature reviews without meaningful synthesis or original scholarly contribution.
- Policy commentary without an appropriate legal basis or evidence.
- Manuscripts lacking clear research or analytical methods.
- Articles previously published or simultaneously submitted elsewhere.
- Manuscripts containing substantial plagiarism, fabricated legal sources, or serious ethical violations.
- Conference abstracts or preliminary summaries lacking a developed scholarly argument.