Authorship and Contributorship Policy
Fair recognition of scholarly contributions, transparent author responsibilities, and integrity in legal research.
Jurnal Hukum to-ra: Hukum Untuk Mengatur dan Melindungi Masyarakat is a peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly journal published by the Faculty of Law, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.
The journal recognizes authorship as an acknowledgment of genuine intellectual contribution and responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of published legal scholarship.
This policy establishes principles for determining authorship, identifying individual contributions, managing author responsibilities, preventing inappropriate authorship practices, and resolving authorship disputes.
Authorship should be granted only to individuals who have made meaningful intellectual contributions to the research and manuscript.
All listed authors are expected to satisfy the following criteria:
- Substantial Contribution: Meaningful involvement in research conception, legal issue identification, study design, examination of legislation, judicial decisions, legal doctrine, case materials, empirical evidence, or interpretation of legal findings.
- Intellectual Manuscript Contribution: Drafting the manuscript or critically revising important legal arguments, theoretical analysis, methodological explanations, or scholarly interpretations.
- Final Approval: Reviewing and approving the version submitted for publication and subsequent material revisions.
- Accountability: Accepting responsibility for research integrity, accuracy of legal sources, originality, and the resolution of questions concerning the published work.
Authors should clearly identify their individual contributions. The journal supports the use of the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) to describe the responsibilities undertaken by each contributor.
The 14 CRediT contributor roles are:
The CRediT framework helps explain individual responsibilities but does not independently determine whether a contributor qualifies for authorship. Legal research activities should be mapped to the most relevant CRediT roles where possible.
The order of authors must be determined through agreement among the contributors before manuscript submission.
The corresponding author is responsible for:
- Ensuring that all authors approve the manuscript and agreed author order.
- Providing accurate author names, institutional affiliations, countries, email addresses, and required submission metadata.
- Confirming that manuscripts comply with the journal's Author Guidelines and publication-ethics requirements.
- Coordinating communication concerning peer review, revisions, editorial decisions, and publication.
- Ensuring that all co-authors are informed of substantial manuscript changes.
- Confirming appropriate disclosure of funding, competing interests, and relevant research-ethics information.
Jurnal Hukum to-ra does not accept inappropriate attribution of authorship, including:
- Guest or Honorary Authorship: Listing individuals because of academic status, organizational influence, or institutional position without qualifying intellectual contribution.
- Ghost Authorship: Omitting individuals who meet authorship criteria.
- Gift or Reciprocal Authorship: Exchanging authorship positions without substantial scholarly involvement.
- Purchased Authorship: Selling, purchasing, or transferring author positions in exchange for payment or other benefits.
- Coercive Authorship: Pressuring researchers to include individuals who have not contributed sufficiently.
- Unauthorized Authorship: Listing an individual without their knowledge or approval.
Contributors who provide meaningful assistance without meeting authorship criteria should be acknowledged in the appropriate section of the manuscript.
Examples include:
- Administrative and editorial assistance.
- Technical support for research documentation or data organization.
- Proofreading, language editing, and reference formatting.
- Provision of non-exclusive research resources or access to legal documents.
- General academic advice, institutional support, or funding.
Authors should obtain the relevant individual's consent before publicly identifying them in acknowledgments where appropriate.
Requests to add, remove, replace, or reorder authors after manuscript submission must be submitted in writing to the Editorial Office.
Requests should include:
- The manuscript title and submission identification number.
- A clear explanation of the proposed authorship change.
- A description of the affected contributors' actual research contributions.
- Written agreement from all listed and affected authors.
- Supporting documentation if requested by the editor.
The Editorial Team may defer approval until the request has been properly verified. After publication, material authorship changes require an appropriately documented correction rather than silent alteration of the scholarly record.
Disputes concerning authorship eligibility, author order, intellectual contribution, or unauthorized attribution should initially be addressed among the researchers and, where necessary, through their affiliated institutions.
The Editorial Team may request contribution statements, correspondence, supporting records, or institutional clarification before continuing manuscript processing.
Where disagreement cannot be resolved or substantive concerns remain, editorial processing may be suspended pending appropriate clarification.
Artificial intelligence systems, generative AI applications, and large language models cannot be recognized as authors or co-authors because they cannot approve scholarly publications, accept legal or ethical accountability, or respond independently to research-integrity concerns.
Human authors remain responsible for all materials included in a manuscript, including AI-assisted content, legal analysis, interpretation of legislation, references, citations, judgments, and research conclusions.
Any relevant use of AI-assisted tools must be disclosed in accordance with the journal's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy. Authors must verify the accuracy and authenticity of legal sources and must not submit fabricated judicial decisions, legal provisions, quotations, or references.
Authors must ensure that all information regarding scholarly contributions, institutional affiliations, author order, and corresponding-author details is complete and accurate.
- All contributors who meet authorship criteria are properly listed.
- No individual is identified as an author without consent.
- All authors approve submission and material revisions.
- Relevant contributions are accurately acknowledged.
- Legal sources and research findings are represented honestly.
- Any material change in authorship is disclosed to the Editorial Office.
The journal may request clarification or supporting documentation when authorship information appears incomplete, inconsistent, or disputed.
Questions regarding authorship, contributorship, author order, or related concerns may be directed to: