Policy Statement. Authors, reviewers and editors are expected to disclose financial, institutional, professional, personal or intellectual interests that could influence, or appear to influence, their work. A declared interest is not automatically evidence of misconduct.

Interests may include employment, consulting, litigation involvement, legal representation, financial sponsorship, close professional relationships, political or institutional commitments, and affiliations with parties whose rights or legal position are examined in the manuscript.

Authors must disclose relevant interests and research funding, identify any sponsor's role, and update declarations when circumstances change. A declaration should accompany the manuscript according to the journal's applicable submission instructions.

Reviewers must declare relevant relationships before accepting assignments, including prior collaboration, supervisory connections, litigation interests or affiliation with affected organizations. Reviewers should decline an assignment when independent assessment cannot reasonably be maintained.

Editors must disclose material conflicts and recuse themselves where appropriate. Manuscripts submitted by editors, Editorial Board members or close associates should be handled independently. Academic merit, originality, methodology and ethical compliance must determine editorial decisions.

The Editorial Team may seek clarification, publish an appropriate statement, replace a reviewer, reassign an editor or commission independent evaluation. Material undisclosed interests found after publication may require clarification or a formal correction; more serious action depends on their actual effect on research reliability.

JURNAL HUKUM TO-RA tora.fh@uki.ac.id